Correcting device for printing apparatus



. July 21, 1953 M. H. CARDON 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 15 Sheets-Sheet l INuew/ 6 6, 60-IPJDI-I Maul r/ 1 '9 JAM/J4 W M. H. CARDON 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 21, 19.53

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CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 1.3 Sheets-Sheet 3 y 1, 1953 M. H. CARDON 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 13 Sheets-Sheet 4 July 21, 1953 M. H. CARDON CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed July 25, 1946 y 21, 1953 M. H. CARDON 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 13 Sheets-Sheet e 11 IIIIIIIIII\IH nr \O IIRIHIHIHHM IIIHH IHHHHHU ii /w 71M;

M. H. CARDON CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed'July 25, 1946 July 21, 1953 m n n Wm W in k y 1953 M. H. CARDON CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 Original Filed. July 25, 1946 3 2 .9 M h fir c A y ilw. m I W M HI I/// July 21, 1g53 CARBON 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS July 21, 1953 CARDQN 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 1s Sheets-Sheet 1o Ma. r Ice. l/enf'i Grivh y 1953 M. H. cARDoN 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 13 Sheets-$heet 1].

July 21, 1953 CARBON 2,646,155

CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Original Filed July 25, 1946 13 Sheets-Sheet 12 Fig. 44.

y 1953 M. H. CARDON CORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS l3 Sheets-Sheet 13 Original Filed July 25, 1946 Patented July 21,1953

GORRECTING DEVICE FOR PRINTING APPARATUS Maurice Henri Cardon, Paris, France Original application July 25, 1946, Serial No. 686,112. Divided and this application August 4, 1947, Serial No. 766,023. In France July This application is a division of U. S. application, Serial No. 686,112, filed July 25, 1946, and now abandoned.

Devices have already been proposed for composing, by means of light, forms intended for printing, but in a general manner, such devices have the major drawback of not allowing the operator to obtain, during the composing operation, any visual image of this work, and of thereby giving him a task-which is difficult and read: ily liable to mistakes.

It is also known to effect composing work by double photographic printing, for instance by printing first the whole length of the text end to end on a photographic strip, the separation of the future lines of the text only being prepared by blank spaces. After this first operation, a kind of paging is effected, by cutting out the prepared lines from the original strip and projecting them on to a photographic form; the corrections are made after printing, by cutting out the incorrect lines, for which corrected lines are substituted.

It is also known to ensure the justification of the future lines of the text by a preliminary mechanical approximation, then to complete such justification by photographic enlargement or reduction when the text which has been cut into lines is being transposed.

Such processes of double photographic printing, cutting out, paging, photographic enlarging or reducing and justification are a long, complicated and expensive work. Furthermore, the corrections are some times made apparent by a difference of photographic density of the correction plates. Finally, photographic justification, in addition to the fact that it often involves very complicated processes does not prove entirely satisfactory for certain work such as vertical columns of figures, and the like.

The device according to the invention obviates these drawbacks without involving the use of delicate mechanisms. It enables, without offending the habits of the professional composers, while however providing them with additional operational facilities inherent to photographic processes, to obtain forms with a speed comparable to that of type composing machines, said forms being of a constant density which are perfectly justified by a process of simple mechanical division.

Finally, by using a method of corrections by means of a second strip, without any modification of the original strip, it enables corrections to be, made with great ease and flexibility, with 2 Claims. (01. 197-20) the least possible expenditure of time or mate-' it possible to establish a normal recording strip. and a correction strip.

The present invention has for its object more particularly to provide a printing device making it possible to reproduce through the light, plates intended for printing purposes, more particularly through photo-mechanical (off-set) reproduction methods when starting from both said strips. a

For this purpose, the photographic printing devices translates in a completely automatic manner all the markings of the strip and, after having been started, composes the form without the'intervention of the operator.

The device is shown by way of example in Figures 1 to 49 of the accompanying drawings.

Illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 illustrates the complete photographic composing apparatus;

Figure 2 shows the interline spacing mechanism;

Figure 3 illustrates an interior view of the machine; i

Figure 4 illustrates the optical system and the device for horizontally displacing the photographic plate;

Figures 5 and 6 show the details of the interline spacing mechanism;

Figure 7 shows the electrical circuit to decode the signals transmitted thereto;

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the valves controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid;

Figure 12 shows the mechanism for unrolling the normal strip and the correction which is made; I

Figure 13 illustrates the double gear mechanism and the selection of the normal strip and the correction strip;

Figures 14 to 17 show the details of the gear mechanism to permit the disconnecting of certain of the features as illustrated in Figure 13;

Figures 18-22 show the alphabetical disc and the disconnecting device therefor;

Figure 23 illustrates the projection mechanism;

Figure 24 shows the detail of the disconnecting mechanism for the alphabetical disc;

Figure 25 shows the interrupting device of the projector;

igures 26 and 27 show the articulating mechanism between the alphabet disc and the justification mechanism;

Figures 28 and 29 illustrate the testing elements in the normal strip and the correction strip;

Figures 30 to 39 bis show the justification mechanism;

Figures 40-43 illustrate the mechanism for controlling the optical system as a function of the coefficient of the photographic enlargement;

Figures 4446 illustrate the changing mechanism of the alphabetical disc and the selection of capital letters and small letters;

Figures 47-49 illustrate the changing mechanism in connection with the photographic enlargeznent.

The composing machine automatically effects the photographic composing work, from the strip produced by the tabulating machine.

For this purpose, the composing machine has to effect:

1. The unwinding of the strip 46 and the recording of the signals transmitted.

2. The rotation of an alphabet disc 36D and its successive stops, in the position for projection, at the letters or signs ordered.

3. The projecting and the photographing of said letters and signs.

4. The justification of said letters and signs.

5. The changes of alphabet discs 2 l 5.

6. The possible changes of the photographic enlargement or reduction ratio.

7. The changes of lines (interline spacing).

Description-On the frame 240 are arranged (Fig. l)

l. The camera 205 with its projection box 285 and its plate 25! and 20'! bis.

2. The distributing and receiving spools for the normal and correction strips 45, the driving mechanism for those strips, and the interpreting mechanism for said strips.

3. The electric motor 289 and the air pump 2 H L.

The camera (Figs. 2, 3) is in the shape of a light-tight chest 2%, the front side of which is adapted to open forming a flap 2| I, normally by pivoting about the line 212-2I3, and exceptionally (for instance for repairs) about the line HES-24!.

Said flap is provided with a circular aperture 2M serving as a passage for the projection ray; which aperture can be closed by a shutter effecting a two-stage time exposure commonly used in photography, the operation of which is controlled by a control signal.

The projection box 2% which is secured to the flap 2 contains the projection lamp 593, the shutter 392 and the mechanism for selecting the letters or signs (Fig. 23 and Fig. 24)

In front of the flap 2| l, mounted on a support 216 pivoting about 2H, a plate 207 is provided with circular holes 314 forming a housing for a number of alphabet discs 380 (9 or 12 for instance), the rotation of which discs about the hub 259 enables one of the alphabet discs 350 to be successively stopped at A in position for projection, the others being kept in reserve for the variations of the composing characters.

The plate 267 is secured, with a certain degree of freedom, to a plate 20'! bis which is cut out in the shape of a Maltese cross and which is pro vided with as many recesses 284 as the plate 267 has alphabet discs 35%, the flexible coupling be tween the two plates being eifected by a spiral spring 223 which bears, on the one hand against the plate 26'! bis, and on the other hand against the plate 26' the relative degree of freedom of the two plates being limited b the travel, in the slot 2E)! provided in the plate 26? bis, of a pin 202 mounted on the plate 25! (Fig. 44)

The plate 267 is shown (Fig. 1) in the normal operative position with its right hand part inserted between the flap 2H and the projection box 286, the position of the alphabet disc 360A, in position for projection, being shown in dotted lines.

The pivoting support 2l5 is stopped by the abutment 2i 9, by pivoting at 251; the said support when in the stopped position abuts against the stop 22!] and can assume a position shown in dotted lines in order to enable the plate 257 to be disengaged from the projection box 285 and the alphabet discs 36%) to be changed or removed. A11 arm 218 mounted on the projection box 2% enables the disc 25'! to be accurately centred by means of the fixing screw 29%.

Inside the chest 205 (Figs. 2 and 3) can move vertically along the columns 259, by means of sliders 262, a frame 26l of which the upper and lower sides (Fig. 3) form a guide for a carriage 22:; which can thus move from left to right of the frame 26! and conversely. On said carriage may be fixed in a removable manner a dark slide 224 bis carrying the photographic film, said film, like the dark slide, being turned to face the bottom of the chest 285. An appropriate aperture 228 (Fig. l) is provided along the top of the chest 205 to allow said slide 22 5 his to be positioned; on the left hand side of the chest 265 is located a special key 22! enabling the slide to be opened and closed in the dark, as in a camera.

It is the lateral movements of the carriage 224 which are imparted by the action of the jllStlfication or the interline spacing mechanism that enables the composing form to be scanned by the projection beam, along the horizontal composing lines.

The optical system (Figs. 1 and 3) inside the case 205 comprises a slideway 23! fixed on the bottom of the case, opposite the photographic film. One of the ends of said slideway leads to a sleeve 232 firmly fixed to the bottom of the case 205 by the bracket 253. Said sleeve passes through the thickness of the case 205 and rests its mouth against the periphery of the light aperture ZM, the flap 2H being closed.

Said sleeve 232 is provided, at its base, with an aperture 233, and opposite said aperture, and also the light aperture 214, is a total reflection prism 253.

On the guideway 23!, in a dovetail groove, can slide:

(1) A movable carriage 235 carrying the arm 236, said carriage carrying at the same time the lens 237 and a polarizer 235, the purpose of which is. to extinguish more or less, according to the enlargement ratio, the light transmitted; the intensity oi the source of light and the speed of opening of the shutter are adjusted once and for all to produce a perfect exposure for the greatest enlargement ratio.

Following the movement of the lens carrier carriage 235 along the guideway 235,. the polarizer 328, surrounded by a round frame provided with conical teeth, can rotate in its round mount which is secured to the carriage 235, and can be. suitably rotated by the action of a gear wheel 200 which is also secured to the carriage 235, the said wheel meshing on the one hand, at right angles, with the conical teeth of the frame of the polarizer 223, and on the other handwith a rack 199 arranged along the guideway 231.

(2) A movable carriage 243 carrying a total re: I

flection prism 244 facing the prism 233', the whole arrangement procuring a total reflection of the light ray, along the broken line ABCD, on the composing form fixed to the carriage 224 facing the bottom of the case 205.

Said carriage 243 is extended by a rigid plate 245 provided with an aperture 229 for the light rays to pass. The length of the carriage 243 with its plate 245 is slightly more than double the length of the carriage 224.

In order to enable the light ray to sweep the whole length of the form 224' bis, it is only neces-.

saryfor the following to be equal to the carriage 224-(Fig. 3). w Y (a) The distance between the-left-hand end of travel. point K of the carriage 224 and the extreme left-hand point L reached by the car riage 243 for the greatest coeflicientof optical amplification. I

1 (b). The distance between the right-hand end of travel point N of the carriage 224 and the extreme right-hand point M reached by the carriage 243 for the optical amplification coefficient equal to 1. 7

011 the removable carriage 243 are fixed two symmetrical "interline spacing cylinders 196, the pistonsof which carry, at the end of their rods 191, a transverse bar 198 extending vertically; the two rods 19'! are hollow and are the Width of supported in their stroke by the guides 173 fixed to the wall of the case 205; the'length of travelof the pair of pistons is equal to the width of the carriage 224,

By the action-of the interline space signal, the two'pistons, which are assumed to be in their extremeright-hand position are simultaneously sucked from the right to'left; the bar 198 on counters the right-hand side of the carriage 2-34 carrying said carriage towards the left until the right hand end of the carriage 224 stops at' the end of its travel opposite the aperture 229,

for the composing of the next line,"whatever be the relative position of the carriage the guideway 231.

Thetermination of the interline spacing signal produces inter alia, the retraction. of the pistons to their initial position on the right (inoperative position) by the suction in the opposite direction of a double-acting valve of the 410 type.v j o It should be noted that during the interline spacing operation, the carriage 224 undergoes a horizontal movement which is combined'with the vertical movement applied to the frame by the interline spacing signal, the side of the carriage 224 sliding along the bar 198.

READING THE SIGNALS i The perforations of the normal and correction strips 4% cause, when they come into reg The six first valves 91 conyert thesignalsof.

243 along letters and signs as follows into electric cur-- rents which are distributed over a predetermined circuit.

On six rocking shafts 4001,23, etc. (Figs. 7, 9) are arranged a set of electric reversing switches 401 which are distributed in the proportion of one on the first shaft 400, 2 on the second, 4 on the third, 8 on the fourth, 16 and 32 on the fifth and sixth shafts.

Each reversing switch 401 which is fixed transversely at its center on a shaft 400, comprises, according to 'a known type, a tube in which there is a vacuum, provided at its centre and at its two ends, with three electrodes connected by a flexible wire as follows: the central electrode to an input circuit 402 and'the side electrodes to two output circuits 403--1 and 2; a drop of mercury 404 closes one or the other circuit according to the slope assumed by the tube.

In the inoperative operation all the reversing switchesof a given shaft close the circuit 402 4113 by the action of the valve 91H (Fig. 10);

a piston 405 sliding in a cylinder 406 GieltS a pull on the lever 401and on the retracting spring 408 and causes the shaft400 to pivot, thereby closing the circuit 41l2-403 of all the switches of the shaft 400.

The two output wires of each reversing switch 401 of a given rocking shaft are connected to the input terminal of tWo reversing switches ifil of the next rocking tube, the whole of the connections forming a bunch of connections in cascade according to Fig. '7 to the 64 output terminals 409 of the 32 last reversing switches 451 The combined action of the various valves 91H enables,

by means of the switching to the right or to the left of the electric circuits by the reversing switches, any one of the 64 output terminals to be connected successively and at will to the input terminal. Y

Between the frame of the composing machine and the 63 terminals 429 of the 32 last reversing switches (one terminal being kept as a dead point), it is possibl to form as many different electric circuits for converting the letters and signs and the control signals, taking into account, furthermore, that each. signal has a. double efficiency since it can be used as a capital letter and as a small letter.

In each of these circuits may be inserted electromagnets of two categories of use. Some (Figs. 21, 23) such as the electromagnets 385 for selecting the letters and signs of the alphabet discs 218, directly control a function, others act as relays for a reduced air pressure valve 410 with three superposed chambers of which the communications with one another are controlled by a double valve 41 1 which is normally urged by its weights or a retracting spring, and at times in the opposite direction by magnetic attraction of the electromagnet 412 (Figs. 11A and B).

The chamber 410 is permanently connected to the vacuum pump through the pipe 413; the chamber 410 is connected to a utilization piston .14 through the pipe 415 and can communicate either with the atmosphere (Fig. 118), or with the vacuum chamber 41!] (Fig. 11A) thechamber 418 communicates either withthe atmosphere (Fig. 11B), or with the vacuum chamber 416 (Fig. 11B).

Valves of this kind can be used as single acting valves as above; they can also be used as doubleacting valves, the suction produced in the charm her 410 being transmitted through a pipe 415 his to the other end of the cylinder 414, thereby acting on the other face of the piston for returning same and holding it stationary.

The mechanism for driving the strips make it possible to obtain:

(1) Either the feed of the normal strip 45, the correction strip remaining stationary, or the simultaneous feed of the normal and correction strips 46, the norma strip becoming dumb (inoperative),

(2) A stoppage in the feed of one or other of the strips 46 to enable certain signal controlled operations to be carried out (controlled operations requiring a longer time to carry out an ordinary letter: for instance changing an alphabet disc, the enlarging ratio etc.) or a given letter or sign to be repeated a predetermined number of times, thereby reducing the consumption of the strip to three signals only: a signal to be repeated, a repeated signal and a signal fixing the number of repetitions.

The driving device is constructed in accordance with Figs. 12 and 13.

The normal and correction strips can un wind in parallel and simultaneously from their distributing spools 26'! mounted on the same shaft 268, and wind on to their receiving spools 259 which are also mounted on one shaft 21!), both strips passing over the rubber rollers 29! and between the rollers 212-! and 2. The rotation of the distributing spool 26.7 is constantly limited, by a friction member 21'3, to the unwinding of the part of the strip which is driven by the driving mechanism while by the action of a spiral spring lodged in the hub 21d and not shown, the receiving spools 269-! and 2 exert a constant pull on each strip 46. The two driving and unwinding systems are symmetrical, but independent.

While they are unwinding, the two strips 46 can slide on a common table 274 which is provided. along a transverse line, with a double set of 7 holes 2'l5l and 2 which correspond to the possible perforations of the signals of each strip 43 and to th beginning of line perforation of each strip 46.

From the six first holes 215 of each set of 7 holes extend six tubes 2'H--l and 2 having a double twin mouth (Figs. 28 and 29) opening in the chambers 91 of six valve 9! H (Figs. 10 and '7) controlling the six rocking shafts 45!), thereby effecting the reading of the perforated signals a transmitted.

From each 7th hole 215 corresponding to the beginning of line perforation of each strip 46, extends a tube having a single mouth opening onto the chamber 97, of a valve 91A or QIB, of which valves the outgoing vacuum tube opens into the cylinders 219-288, while the end of the valve head 266 of each valve BIA and B is adapted, as it lifts, to release the lever 281-482 (Fig. 13).

A flap formed by two unequal leaves 283-28, hinged at 288 can assume two positions:

(a) One of the leaves (284) closing the justification perforation of the correction strip 46 and the longitudinal slit 2'I6-l of the table 224 (Figs. 3 and 28),

(b) The other (283) closing all the perforations of the normal strip 46, the holes 215 and the slit 2T62 of the table 214, with the exception however of th hole 275 corresponding to the beginning of line perforation of the normal strip, for which there is provided, in the said leaf 283, a special hole 285 making it always possible for the air to enter.

The justification perforation of one or the other of the bands 46 is explored by two ducts 90-1 and 2 of a valve BIC which can slide under the table 2'14 as will be seen hereinafter.

The driving mechanism for the normal and correction" strip comprises:

1. A system of Wheels and levers with driving ratchet;

2. A double set of electric switches;

3. A set of control valves and pistons.

1. System of levers with driving ratchets This mechanism which comprises a double symmetrical system of levers, connecting rods and wheels according to Fig. 13, effects the gradual feed of the normal strip 46 or one or other of the strips 46, either th normal or the correction strip, by acting on the ratchet wheels 294i and 2 of the rollers 2'|2l and 3.

Taken separately, each feed system comprises a lever 295--l or 2 forming a ratchet for driving the ratchet wheel 294--l or 2. Said lever is pivotally connected, on the one hand to the connecting rod 296--l or 2 which can pivot on the shaft 291 fixed on a point of the ratchet wheel 298I or 2, and on the other hand to the connecting rod 299-! or 2 pivoting on the fixed shaft 300.

The lever 295| or 2 is doubled by a lever 30l--I or 2 forming a driving ratchet for the ratchet wheel 298-l or 2 which is normally constrained to rotate in the direction of the arrow by a light spring 302. Said lever 30|-| or 2 is pivotally connected to the connecting rods 303-4 or2 and 299-l or 2.

A reciprocating movement is imparted to the whole system by a connecting rod 304-! or 2 which is connected with a slight eccentricity to the wheel 305l or 2 which is driven with suitable reduction by the general driving shaft, as will be seen.

The rod 306-! or 2 which is pivotally connected to the lever 309-l or 2 controls the retaining pawl 3I3-l or 2; the lever 309-| or 2 which is pivotally connected to the shaft M0, is terminated by the arm 3| I-| or 2 and its stop hook 3l2-l or 2.

A lever 3l5--l or 2 carrying the transverse finger 3l6-l or 2 normally retained in the high position by the hook 28l--l or 2 is adapted to pivot about its shaft 318-! or 2 first by the action of gravity, then by the pressure exerted on it at a given instant of the rotation of the wheel 305 by a roller 3l9l or 2 fixed to said wheel.

2. A double set of electric switches A set of two switches operating by means of a drop of mercury in vacuo 322323, of a type comparable with the switches 40!, but having a single output circuit 403 are connected in series in an electric circuit. The two switches in the closed position allow the current to flow, the two or one only in the open" position cut off the current (Fig. 13).

Each of said switches 322-323 is mounted on a support 433-! or 2 which pivots in a similar manner to that of the reversing switches 4M (Fig. 10) and has its closed or open position controlled by the pull or the push exerted on a connecting rod 401 of the rod 326 of the piston sliding in a cylinder 27!! or 280.

In the closed position, the rod 326 of the piston projecting from one of the ends of the cylinder 219 or 280 intersects the plane of oscillation of the lever 309-] or 2 so that said lever, if it is suddenly made to move backwards in the direction of the dotted line arrow engages said rod with its hook 3i 2.

9 3. A set of control cylinders and valves Being directly connected through the tube 218-! or 2 to the hole 215 of the table 214 corresponding to the beginning of line perforation of each strip 46, the pneumatic valves BIA and MB become operative each time a beginning of line perforation passes; through the tube 329 or 330 they exert a suction on one of the faces of the piston of the cylinder 279 or 28!], causing the corresponding switches 322-323 to close and placing the end of the rod 326 in a suitable position for engaging the lever 399-! or 2.

Furthermore, said valves are so arranged that the rod 206 of their upper valve lifts the hook 28! or 282 releasin the lever 3I5-I or 2 from the corresponding driving system.

When the two switches 322-323 in series are in the ffclosed position, an electric current flows and operates the valve 292 (of the 4!!) type) which causes a simultaneous suction:

(1) Through the tube 33! in the cylinder 29!, urging the piston in the direction of the arrow,

the rod 286-! of the piston exerting a pull on 1 the lever 286-2 causing it to describe an arc of a circle by means of the articulation of the piston 29! at 290-! or 2; a light spring 298-3 exerts a constant pull which keeps the lever 286-2 in the position it has assumed at the end of-its travel. The flap 284 is thus pressed against the slit 216-2 of the table 214 on the correction side and the flap 283 is open.

(2). Through the tube 33! his in the cylinder 342, the piston rod of which acts on the wheel a 294-2 and feeds the correction strip 46 forward one tooth.

(3) Through the tube 333 in the cylinder 219, thereby returning the piston in the opposite direction. to the arrow; the switch 322 is placed Onthe other hand, the switch 323 is in the a) closed position, the lever 399-2 is hooked,,the pawl 3l3-2 is released from the wheel 298-2 and said wheel is retracted by its spring 302-2;

the lever 295-2 is thus in the high position, L

and has no action on the ratchet wheel 294-2: the correction strip is thus stationary.

Furthermore, the flap 284 is closed and the flap 283 open,

The "normal strip unwinds alone, controlling the automatic composing work until the instant when the beginning of line perforation comes into register with its opening 215 ofthe table 274 (normal side).

The tube 218-! then fills with air and operates the valve 9! A the plunger 206 of which lifts the hook 28! which releases the lever 3i5-l, and the lever HE-l falls into the vertical position, things being so arranged that it is :only released immediately after the driving roller 3l9 of the wheel 395-! has passed beyond the point where it could drive the said lever 3l5-I.

On the other hand. the valve device 9! A draws the piston of cylinder 219 in the direction of the arrow and the switch thusplaced in I0 the closed position while the rod 326 of the piston of the cylinder 219 projects towards the wheel 305-l, preparing the hooking of the lever 399-l.

Since by hypothesis the switch 323 is already in the closed position, the current flows immediately and acts on the'valve 292 (of the 4!!! type) which, as seen above:

(a) Closes the flap 284 and opens the flap 283,

' (1)) Feeds the correction strip 46 forward one tooth, a

(c) Acts on the cylinder 2'59, returning the piston and the rod 206 in the opposite direction to the arrow thereby preventing the hooking of the lever 399-! andrreturningthe switch 322 to the open position, cutting off the current. The sequence of these various operations. is regulated by the 'cross-sectionof the supply tubes and the relative size of the. cylinders. It is, moreover, only necessary that the current should not be out off before these various operations are completed.

During thistime, the wheel 305-! has effected a complete revolution, the roller 359-! has encountered the lever 3l5-l and has moved it in the direction of the dotted line arrow, the finger Slfi-l abuts against the ,lever 399-! which it rocks until the arm 3!!-! and its retractable hook 3! 2-! engage beyond the rod 326 of the piston of the cylinder 219.

This rotary movement of the lever 399-! produces a retracting movement'of the connecting rod 399-! and thus of the ratchet 3l3-l which is disengaged from thewheel 298-!; said wheel is abruptly moved backwards by its spring 302-! (not shown) the lever 295-! then assumes the high position (position of Fig. 3), and the drive of the ratchet wheel 294-! and, consequently, of the normal strip 43 is momentarily stopped.

Continuing its rotation, the roller 3l9-l releases the lever 3I5-I and said lever, pushed sharply. back by the action of the spring M l-I through the lever 3U9-l, returns and engages the hook 28!, while the lever 389-! (which, in the present case, does not encounter the rod 329 onto which it should hook) returns to its normal position, the pawl 3 !3 again engaging the wheel 298-!, each rotation of the wheel 395-I, by the action of the lever 30!, and the pawl 8!3-!, feeding the wheel 298-! one tooth forwards towards its operative position of the lever 295-l.

If the feed of the correction strip 46- one tooth forward (see above) has brought-in front of the line of the holes 215 of the plate 2'!!! a section of the correction strip 58 'on which there is no perforated. signal, the position" of I the driving mechanism of the correction strip 25 remains unchanged, ,i. e. the correction strip d5 remains inoperative, and the drive of the normal strip 46 will continue until the next limit signal perforationis reached; the first signals, which appear being in this case thecombined interline spacing and justification signal, for the new line to be composed (normal strip). 3

11 operative and the correction strip operative.

(b) Through the tube 342! in the cylinder 288', drawing; the piston in the opposite. direction to the arrow, placing the switch 323 in the open. position and releasing the lever 3'0.9.2- and consequently the driving mechanism of the correction strip 46.

Both the normal andcorrection strips 46 will therefore be. driven simultaneously, the normal strip being inoperative, as soon as the two driving mechanisms have respectively re,- positioned their wheels 298-! or 2 in. the operative position.

The two strips will unwind up to the. next beginning of line perforation. Two cases. may then arise:

If it is the beginning of line perforation of the correction strip. 4% which. is the first to reach the hole 275 of the table 274 corresponding to it, the valve device SIB places the switch 323 in the closed position without however onabling the current to flow since the switch 322 'emains in the open position. and. releases the hook 3l5-2 preparing for the next; thrust of the roller Sit-4, the engagement of the lever Silk-2 on the end of the rod. 326 of the cylinder 23%, and thus the locking of the correction strip.

When the limit: signal perforation of the "normal strip 46 in its turn arrives opposite its hole 215, the. mechanism acts as in the case seen above in which only the normal strip is fed, and the cycle starts again.

If, on the contrary, itis the limit signal perforation of the normal strip which arrives first, the normal strip is locked by the same process as above for the correction strip, but without action on the valve 292, since the switch 323 remains in the open position.

When the limit signal. perforation of the correction strip arrives in: front of the hole 215 which corresponds toit, the drive of the correction strip is stopped, and the two switches in series 322 323 being in this case both. in the closed position, the. current. acts on the valve 292 and the cyclestarts over again.

CORRECTION OF THE NORMAL STRIP- The device therefore thus actually selects-line by line-one or the other of the strips 46, retaining them, or then replacing both of them at the starting point of the next line, thereby enabling, with the greatest of ease, the original proof to be corrected line by line, without making any modificationsin said proof..

If the correction text is longer than the original text (for instance six lines instead. of three), it is only necessary, as from. the third line of the correction text, to type the correction text only effecting the changes of line by means of the interline spacing and justification signal, without making use of the limit signal. Thus the excess lines of the correction. text will be reproduced without the limit signal mechanism being involved, therefore without the normal strips being fed, the same being momentarily held stationary its driving mechanism having been released and hooked at the end of the third normal line by the action of the limit signal perforation of the next line of the text of the normal strip. When the six lines of the correction strip are exhausted, the operator follows them u with a division without any signal, then with. the limit signal of the next line of the correction text, thereby making operative the whole correction strip locking and strip selecting. mechanism, as already seen, thus enabling the. normal strip to be started again from its 4th line (and. if desired the correction strip fromv the 7th line, the 4th normal line in that case. remaining inoperative).

On the other hand if the correction text is shorter than the text of the normal strip (for instance one line instead of three) it is only necessary to follow up the first and only line of the correction strip by two complementary limit signals; each followed by a space without signal and a correction signal, each of these two limit signals and correction signals successively actuating the mechanism for selecting the two strips, 1. e., making inoperative the driving mechanism of the correction strip and allowing to pass without interline spacing, since the flapv is closed and the strip is inoperative, one line ofthe normal strip up to the point when the limit signal perforation of the next line of the normal strip again actuates the normal strip correction strip selecting mechanism for a fresh line. Thus the two excess lines of the normal. strip are passed through the feed mechanism without acting on the signals of the composing machine, thereby returning, at the end of the operation, both strips to the starting position for a. fresh line of. composition, either in respect of the normal strip, or of the correction strip.

The driving mechanism also enables, in the course. of a line, the strip 46 which is operative to be kept stationary for a fixed time corresponding to several revolutions of the driving shaft, in order to makepossible certain control operations which are of longer duration than that of one revolution of the wheel 3ll5l or 2 (for instance the change of the alphabet disc, or of the enlarging ratio).

To this end, one of the hole signals called fixed duration repetition-signal acts on a. valve ilo-G or H which lifts the hook 28l or 2.82, so as to disengage the lever 3 l 5-l or 2.

The next revolution of the wheel 305-1 or 2 will bring the next signal (which is to be prolonged beyond the normal duration) in front of the holes 215 of the table 214 and will operate, as already seen, each lever 369-! or 2 by means of the roller 3l9l or 2. If theactuating system 295-38|304309 corresponding to the lever 308l or 2 is in the course of operating, in other words if the rod 326 of the piston of cylinder 2-7-9 or 280 is not in a position which enables the hook to engage, the assembly formed by lever 309-4 or- 2, connecting rod 306! or 2 and pawl 3 |3- l or 2 will be driven backwards just the time necessary to enable the ratchet 298-4 or 2. to return abruptly, then the whole linkage 389l or 2, 366l or 2, 3 l 3-l or 2 not finding any hooking point will return to its initial position. The lever 3Ul-l or 2 will gradually catch up the backward movement of the wheel 298l or 2 during a number of revolutions of the wheel 3fl5l or 2, therefor for a time corresponding to the number of teeth which the wheel 29-l or 2 has rotated backwards which backward rotation is limited as will be seen hereinafter.

Finally, the driving mechanism enable also a given letter or sign to be repeated a number of times determined by the operator, from a single signal, thereby limiting the consumption of the strip 46 and facilitating the changes of alphabet disc or of the optical enlargement ratio, as will be seen hereinafter.

In order to obtain these reptitions of fixed 13 duration and of predetermined duration, at free wheel 4|! with its hub 4|! bis is mounted with a running fit on the end of the common shaft 289, and a pair of rigidly connected wheels 4l64l5 is mounted with a runnin fit on said hub 4|! bis (Figs. 14 to 17).

The wheel 4|5, which is toothed, can be engaged with a gear wheel 418 secured to the roller 2'12. The wheel M6 is provided with a semicircular slit 424; said wheel 4|6 only has teeth over a part of its circumference; the wheel 4|! is provided with a slit 425 substantially shorter than the slit 424; furthermore, the Wheel 4|! only has a single tooth 426 and, at the end of the slit 425 a small pin 42! which is constantly engaged in the slit 424 and is adapted to lock in a housing 436 provided in the end of the slit 424.

On the shaft of the pawl 38'l,l or 2 is mounted a retaining pawl 428--! or 2, the tail 421 of which-encounters the stop 422 and limits the downward movement caused by the spring 423, so that the point of the pawl 428 can never come into contact with the smooth portion of the periphery of the wheels M6 and 4.

Along the shaft 289, the block of wheels 4l5-4l5--4l7 can assume laterally two distinct positions (A and B) which are controlled by a piston 428 sliding in a cylinder 429 with a reciprocating movement by the action either of a valve of the M8 type controlled by a totalisation signal (change from A to B); or by the action of a second 418 type valve controlled by a repeat of controlled duration signal (change from B to A).

In the normal position A, the Wheel m is completely disengaged from the wheel 4l8, while the wheel 416 has engaged one of its teeth in the point of the pawl 428, preventing any backward movement of the wheel MB.

In fact, in this position A, the wheel M6 is backward rotation is limited by the travel of the pin 432 in the slits 424 and 425, which travel corresponds, by construction, to a fixed number of teeth of the wheel 298 (three for instance).

In the second position (B), the wheel4l6 is completely disengaged from the pawl 428, while on the contrary the wheel 4!! has engaged its single tooth 425 in the pawl 428, thereby locking the wheel 4H in the same conditions as in the position 2 limiting any backward movement of. the wheel 298 to 3 teeth if said wheel is released while the mechanism is in the position"B-by a limit signal or a fixed duration repeat signal.

Finally, the wheel 4l5 has engaged the wheel 418 and, for an appropriate gear-up ratio, rotates in the direction of the arrow an angle corresponding to one tooth of the wheel 298 for each rotation of one division of the wheels 294 by the action of the lever 293.

Thus the pair of wheels 4l54l6, while it remains in the position B, effects a predetermined rotation until the controlled duration repeat signal returns the whole arrangement of wheels 4I5-4l54l1 etc. to 'the' position A, locking, by means of the pawl 428, the tooth of the wheel 6 corresponding to the angular dis placement acquired at B and thus fixing the relative position of the slit 424; at the same time, said controlled duration repeat signal has acted on the valve MEI-G or H, lifting the hooks 28!, 282 which release the levers 3l5, thereby releasing, at the second revolution of the wheel 385, the wheel 298 which rotates until the pin 432, loosely driving on its way the wheel 4|! by the end of its slit 425 abuts and stops against the end of the slit 424, thereby impartingv to the wheel 298 an angular displacement of 3 divisions definitely acquired, plus a number of divisions determined by the angular displacement effected by the system 4i5--4|6.

I The return of the wheels NS-44! to the normal position (i. to the position which only permits of a fixed rotation of the Wheel 298, limited for instance to 3 divisions) is effected by the action of theset of levers 38| which, as they gradually return the wheel 298 to its original position, at the same time drive the wheel M6 by its teeth until the instant when the pawl 428 locksits last left-hand tooth. The wheel 4l6 automatically drives into a similar position the wheel 4, the pin 42'! of which has come into contact with the end of the slit 424 in the housing 43! which is provided for it.

Thus, in order to obtain a repeat at will (beyond 3 divisions) of a given letter or sign, it is only necessary to register on the strip 46 the sign to be repeated and the controlled duration repeat signal, then to count from thesign to be repeated the number of signals, letters or signs of the composition corresponding to the desired number of repetitions and then to insert on the strip a totalisation signal. By the effect of thereverse reading of the strips 46 by the composing machine, the totalisation signal will appear first and will ensure the suitable actuation of the mechanism 4l54l64i1 before the controlled duration repeat signal becomes operative.

For all the signals which. do not have any justification movement (for instance change of alphabet disc or of the enlarging ratio), the repeat mechanism operates as above, thus .prolonging the duration of their operation.

For all the other signals having a justification movement (letters, signs, etc.) which are to be repeated a predetermined number of times, it is absolutely necessary for the supply current controlled by the signal to be out off at each revolutionof the driving wheel so as to allow of the repetition of the normal operation of the justification mechanism.

To this end, the common output wire of all A on the copper periphery of a wheel 583 driven by the shaft 488. Said wheel 583 is connected to the frame and the circuit is made so long as the roller 585 rolls on the copper. On a predetermined part of its periphery, the wheel 583 is provided with an insulating segment 584 which thus breaks the circuit for a predetermined period during each revolution. 7

Furthermore, this device is so adjusted that at the appearance, during the normal unwinding of the strip 46, of each fresh signal in front of the holes 215 of the table 214, the action of the valves 9! H and of the rocking shafts 489 has the time to make all the fresh connections of the reversing switches 48| controlled by said signal before the 

